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  CATENATIVE VERBS 1:     A catenative verb (aka a chain verb) is a verb that can link with other verbs to form a chain of verbs.When a catenative verb links with other verbs,the a catenative verb acts as a head/main verb and the other verbs have to change its form into non-finite froms, such as to-inf,bare-inf, or gerund. For examples:       🔹The birds BIGIN TO SING. (The catenative BEGIN is a head/main verb and the linked verb SING has to change its form into to-inf form TO SING)       🔹They LIKE READING books. (The catenative LIKE is a head/main verb and the linked verb READ has to change its form into gerund form READING.)       🔹The books HELP SHED light on the problems.  (The catenative HELP is a head/main verb and the linked verb SHED has to change its form into a non-finite SHED.)      The non-finite verb, which is linked with the main/head catenative verb,can take function as either an obj or complement of the main/head verb,as in....       🔹He HESITATED TO JUMP. (The main

  PRESENT PARTICIPLE versus GERUND The origin of both present participle and gerund is VERB words. And the physical constructional structure of both present participle and gerund is: VERB + ing Involving present participle and gerund, there exists a confusion and an incorrect idea, as follows: CONFUSION Because the origin and structural pattern of both present participle and gerund are the same, it often creates confusion about identifying which ones are present participle and which are gerund. INCORRECT IDEA Many grammarians define that the verb-ing words as gerund where they function like noun, in that, they define that the verb-ing words are gerund “ONLY where” they function like a NOUN, or where they function like “NOUN ONLY”. The incorrectness in this definition is not that verb-ing words are gerund where they function like noun. But the incorrectness is in the position limiting the function to “noun ONLY”. The correct definition is: The verb-ing words are gerund where they functi

                 Parts of Speech   Noun .