CATENATIVE VERBS

 CATENATIVE VERBS 1:

    A catenative verb (aka a chain verb) is a verb that can link with other verbs to form a chain of verbs.When a catenative verb links with other verbs,the a catenative verb acts as a head/main verb and the other verbs have to change its form into non-finite froms, such as to-inf,bare-inf, or gerund.

For examples:

     πŸ”ΉThe birds BIGIN TO SING.

(The catenative BEGIN is a head/main verb and the linked verb SING has to change its form into to-inf form TO SING)

     πŸ”ΉThey LIKE READING books.

(The catenative LIKE is a head/main verb and the linked verb READ has to change its form into gerund form READING.)

     πŸ”ΉThe books HELP SHED light on the problems. 

(The catenative HELP is a head/main verb and the linked verb SHED has to change its form into a non-finite SHED.)


     The non-finite verb, which is linked with the main/head catenative verb,can take function as either an obj or complement of the main/head verb,as in....

     πŸ”ΉHe HESITATED TO JUMP.

(The main/head verb HESITATED is a catenative verb that takes TO JUMP as its adv complement)

     πŸ”ΉShe HAS TO TYPE a message.

(The main/head verb HAS is a catenative verb that takes TO TYPE as its complement.Plz note that the conjugated HAS changed its form for subjs/tenses,so it is not a modal. )

     πŸ”ΉShe LOVES SHOPPING at that mall. 

(The main/head verb LOVES is a catenative that takes SHOPPING as its obj)

     πŸ”ΉWe AGREE TO SIGN the treaty.

 (The main/head verb AGREE is a catenative verb that takes TO SIGN as its adv complement


πŸ”…THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CATENATIVES AND MODALS

     Confusions arise between catenatives and modals because both can introduce a chain of verb form,esp when followed by bare-infs or to-infs

     Modals are different from catenatives in that modals lack the semantic content as catenatives have.The modals are used to help other head/main verbs to form moods, modifying the meaning of the head/main verbs and have no meaning in themselves and the head/main verbs are changed into non-finite form (to-inf or a bare-inf).Different from the modals,the catenatives are the head/main verb of the chain and have their own meaning. 

     πŸ”Ή​ Visitors SHOULD INFORM the receptionist of their arrival.

 (Here the main/head verb is a bare-inf INFORM while SHOULD is a modal.)

     πŸ”Ή​These HELP REDUCE the pain.

 (Here the main/head verb HELP is a catenative verb while the bare-inf REDUCE acts as a complement of the verb HELP.) 

     Some modals have particles inserted in-between the modals and the base forms,such as "would rather","had better","ought to", "used to".The particles "rather", "better","to"cause these modals to become semi-modals.Don't get confused the particle "to" with the "to" as an infinitive marker in "to-inf"

     πŸ”Ή​We OUGHT TO START at once.

 (Here the main/head verb is a bare-inf START while OUGHT TO is a semi- modal.Here the word TO i is a particle inserted in-between the modal OUGHT and the bare-inf START)

     πŸ”Ή​I USED TO LIVE in London.

(Here the main/head verb is a bare-inf LIVE while USED TO is a semi-modal.Here the word TO  is a particle inserted in-between the modal and the bare-inf.Don't get confused with the "to" that is an infinitive marker in "to-inf")

     πŸ”Ή​ I NEED TO EAT my lunch. 

(Here the main verb is a catenative NEED while TO EAT acts as the obj of the main verb NEED.The word TO in TO EAT is an infinitive marker, not a particle. ) 

     πŸ”Ή​We DECIDE TO CHOOSE this one.

 (Here the main/head verb is the catenative verb DECIDE while the to-inf TO CHOOSE acts as an adv complement. Here the word TO is an infinitive marker,not a particle)       

     Modals are defective and can't changed their forms for subjects/ tenses while the catenatives are  conjugated normal verbs that  can be changed for subjects/tenses.

     πŸ”Ή​ I/We/You/He/She/It/They OUGHT TO START at once. 

     πŸ”Ή​I/We/You/They DECIDE TO CHOOSE this one.

     πŸ”Ή​He/She/It DECIDES TO CHOOSE this one.

     Like other aux verbs, modals can form negatives or questions on their own without do- support-they are negated by additional of the word"not" after them and can undergo inversion with their subjects in forming questions.But catenatives are  lexical verbs and can't do like that and they need do-support to help form negatives or questions.

     πŸ”Ή​We OUGHT NOT TO START at once.

     πŸ”Ή​OUGHT we TO START at once?

     πŸ”Ή​ I DON'T/He DOESN'T DECIDE TO CHOOSE this one.

     πŸ”Ή​DO you/DOES she DECIDE TO CHOOSE this one?


   

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